英國(guó)國(guó)防部推出無(wú)人機(jī)

日期英國(guó)國(guó)防部推出了一款無(wú)人機(jī)，該機(jī)是應(yīng)該首個(gè)自動(dòng)駕駛是智能隱形無(wú)人戰(zhàn)斗轟炸機(jī)。

Taranis brings together a number of British-developed technologies for the first time in a craft designed to seek out and destroy enemy targets without a human pilot.

Taranis（它是以雷電之神凱爾特為名）將英國(guó)開(kāi)發(fā)的一系列技術(shù)首次應(yīng)用其中，為了設(shè)計(jì)出一種可以尋找并摧毀敵方目標(biāo)的無(wú)人戰(zhàn)機(jī)。

An audience of MoD officials, industry specialists and journalists received a short glimpse of the aircraft – developed over three and a half years for a cost of £142.5m – on Monday at BAE Systems’ base in Warton, Lancashire.

該機(jī)研發(fā)耗時(shí)3年半，耗資1億4千2百50萬(wàn)英鎊，它在周一的BAE系統(tǒng)公司位于Lancashire的Warton基地展出，并對(duì)國(guó)防部的官員、行業(yè)專家和記者們進(jìn)行了短時(shí)間的展示。

The wedge-shaped craft is about the size of a BAE Systems Hawk − around 12m long with a wingspan of 10m. It was developed under a joint contract between BAE Systems, DE and S, GE Aviation, Qinetiq and Rolls Royce.

這個(gè)楔形的飛行器大小和BEA系統(tǒng)公司生產(chǎn)的“鷹”（Hawk）噴氣飛機(jī)差不多，長(zhǎng)12米翼展10米；參與這一飛行器開(kāi)發(fā)的公司有：BEA系統(tǒng)公司、DE&S、GE航空部、Qinetiq、和勞斯萊斯公司。

Referred to as an ’unmanned combat air vehicle’ (UCAV), Taranis has the ability to take off and fly a pre-programmed mission to as far away as another continent, as well as to identify targets and request permission to attack them, all without human intervention.

Taranis被稱為“無(wú)人戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)”（UVAV），它可以自行起降通過(guò)預(yù)先編程設(shè)定任務(wù)并進(jìn)行洲際攻擊，一旦確定攻擊目標(biāo)和攻擊許可，它可以在無(wú)人干預(yù)的情況下完成任務(wù)。

The MoD was keen to stress that any operational vehicle would not leave human control.

但國(guó)防部強(qiáng)調(diào)要保證飛機(jī)的任何行動(dòng)都要在人的控制之下。

‘It is designed to be, at all times, under the control of a highly trained military operator on the ground and can be operated remotely,’ said Gerald Howarth, minister for international security strategy (ISS).

國(guó)際安全戰(zhàn)略部（ISS）部長(zhǎng)Gerald Howarth說(shuō)：“它被設(shè)計(jì)成在任何時(shí)候都要受到一個(gè)經(jīng)過(guò)嚴(yán)格訓(xùn)練的地面操作人員的控制，并可以進(jìn)行遠(yuǎn)程操作。”

Asked if UCAVs would ever be allowed to engage enemy targets without human permission, air chief marshal Simon Bryan, commander in chief of the UK’s Air Command, said: ‘This is a very sensitive area that we are paying a lot of attention to.’

當(dāng)被問(wèn)及無(wú)人機(jī)是否可以在無(wú)人控制的情況下攻擊敵方目標(biāo)時(shí)，英國(guó)空軍司令Simon Bryan元帥說(shuō)：“這是一個(gè)十分敏感的問(wèn)題，我們將會(huì)慎重考慮。”

The first flight test will take place in 2011 and weapons capabilities will be simulated. The MoD will use Taranis as a demonstrator to make decisions about what future UK combat craft would be able to do, but it is likely to be at least 2018 before any vehicle goes into production.

該機(jī)的首次飛行測(cè)試將在2011年進(jìn)行，而攻擊能力測(cè)試采用模擬的方式進(jìn)行。國(guó)防部將Taranis作為一個(gè)決定英國(guó)未來(lái)戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)發(fā)展方向的一個(gè)驗(yàn)證，但要進(jìn)入批量生產(chǎn)至少要等到2018年。

‘I anticipate that whatever goes into service will not look like Taranis but will have the technologies developed for it,’ said Nigel Whitehead, BAE’s managing director for programmes and support.

BEA系統(tǒng)公司項(xiàng)目與支持管理中心主任Nigel Whitehead說(shuō)：“我預(yù)計(jì)無(wú)論Taranis是否服役，這些技術(shù)都會(huì)被開(kāi)發(fā)。”

Taranis’s biggest technical achievement is the combination of a variety of elements within one vehicle, including autonomy systems developed for existing unmanned craft such as BAE’s Mantis, said Whitehead.

Whitehead說(shuō)，Taranis最大的技術(shù)成果就是將一系列技術(shù)在一架飛機(jī)上實(shí)現(xiàn)，這些技術(shù)包括為現(xiàn)有無(wú)人機(jī)開(kāi)發(fā)自動(dòng)駕駛技術(shù)，如BEA的Mantis系統(tǒng)。

‘A number of the individual technologies involved have been looked at in the past, but bringing them all together was a considerable challenge.’

“一系列的獨(dú)立的技術(shù)開(kāi)發(fā)已經(jīng)成為過(guò)去，但將他們組合起來(lái)是一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)。”

Other specific technological issues that the Taranis designers faced included positioning the craft’s power source within the middle of the body to help make it invisible to enemy sensors across the electromagnetic spectrum.

Taranis的設(shè)計(jì)者面臨的其他特定的技術(shù)難題包括將飛機(jī)的動(dòng)力源放到飛機(jī)的中央，以保證它在穿越敵方電磁陣時(shí)不被發(fā)現(xiàn)。

‘The configuration of the unusual aerodynamics was also a considerable challenge,’ said Whitehead. ‘The craft is finless, so we had to find a way to create directional stability.’

Whitehead說(shuō)：“非常規(guī)的空氣動(dòng)力學(xué)外形也是一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)，飛行器沒(méi)有垂直穩(wěn)定翼，所以我們必須找到一種方法以使飛行方向具有穩(wěn)定性。”

One of the aims of Taranis was to use only British technology and skills, and the result is a craft that the team claims is unique outside of the US.

設(shè)計(jì)Taranis時(shí)其中一個(gè)目標(biāo)就是采用英國(guó)獨(dú)有的技術(shù)和工藝，但結(jié)果卻是不得不求助美國(guó)而采用了美國(guó)的獨(dú)有技術(shù)。

‘Based on the information I have, we have capabilities that our European counterparts are envious of, particularly in autonomy,’ said Whitehead.

Whitehead說(shuō)：“據(jù)我所知，我們的技術(shù)在歐洲是領(lǐng)先的，特別是在智能控制方面。”

Howarth admitted that the MoD was in discussion with French officials to see if working on bilateral programme would be practical.

Howarth承認(rèn)國(guó)防部與法國(guó)討論過(guò)雙邊合作計(jì)劃的可行性問(wèn)題。

The £142.5m of funds used to develop Taranis will take the project to the end of the first flight phase, after which the MoD will have to make a decision about future requirements before further work can continue.

1億4千2百50萬(wàn)英鎊的研發(fā)資金是在Taranis飛行測(cè)試完成前的經(jīng)費(fèi)，而下一步工作要等到國(guó)防部決定未來(lái)的需求時(shí)這一計(jì)劃才會(huì)被繼續(xù)。

In-depth coverage of the Taranis project can be read by clicking here.